黨的十八大之后召開的首次全國兩會于3月17日勝利閉幕。會議期間，一些關(guān)乎社會熱點(diǎn)的詞匯頻繁出現(xiàn)在小組討論和全體大會上，引發(fā)人們的關(guān)注。這些詞反映了目前社會上最關(guān)心的熱點(diǎn)、焦點(diǎn)問題，也折射著中國發(fā)展的新走向。以下是兩會期間十大高頻詞匯，供各位師生參考學(xué)習(xí)。
中國夢 Chinese dream
自十八大以來，中國夢就成為各界熱議的話題，也是兩會期間代表委員們被問及最多的一個話題。
習(xí)近平主席在全國人大第十二屆一次會議閉幕講話中說：“我們必須再接再厲、一往無前，繼續(xù)把中國特色社會主義事業(yè)推向前進(jìn)，繼續(xù)為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國夢而努力奮斗。”
“We must make persistent efforts, press ahead with indomitable will, continue to push forward the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and strive to achieve the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.”
換屆 leadership transition
全國人大第十二屆一次會議結(jié)束，選舉產(chǎn)生了新一屆國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，順利完成換屆。
以下為外電有關(guān)換屆的報道引語：
China’s new leaders promise cleaner government, less red tape and more fairness to enlarge a still small middle class and help private businesses as congress wraps up leadership transition.
代表大會完成換屆，中國的新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人許諾要建立更清廉的政府、減少官僚作風(fēng)、增強(qiáng)公平，同時要擴(kuò)大中產(chǎn)階級人群并扶持私營企業(yè)。
硬骨頭，涉險灘 gnawing at a hard bone and wading through a dangerous shoal
3月5日下午，習(xí)近平總書記參加上海代表團(tuán)審議時強(qiáng)調(diào)，改革要“敢于啃硬骨頭，敢于涉險灘”。這是總書記考察廣東之后，第二次講這句話。
“We must have the courage like gnawing at a hard bone and wading through a dangerous shoal.”
大部制改革 restructure central government offices
此次大部制改革中，國務(wù)院組成部門由原來的27個減少到25個，另有幾個機(jī)構(gòu)和部門也將重組。
下面來看看此次大部制改革的具體內(nèi)容和英文說法：
1. 鐵道部“拆分”，實(shí)行鐵路政企分開。
Under the plan, the Ministry of Railways will be split with its regulatory powers going to the Ministry of Transport while its commercial operations will be run by a company.
2. 組建國家食品藥品監(jiān)督管理總局。
To improve food and drug safety, the government restructuring program upgrades the State Food and Drug Administration to ministry level to give it more power.
3. 組建國家新聞出版廣播電影電視總局。
Two media regulators, the State Administration of Press and Publication and the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, are being merged to oversee press, publication, radio, film and television.
4. 組建國家衛(wèi)生和計劃生育委員會。
The National Health and Family Planning Commission will come into existence through the merger of the Health Ministry with the National Population and Family Planning Commission.
5. 重新組建國家海洋局。
Other important changes include restructuring the oceanic administration to enhance maritime law enforcement and protect marine resources.
6. 重新組建國家能源局。
A regulatory body that sets electricity rates will be absorbed into the National Energy Administration.
新會風(fēng) new working style
新一屆中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體就改進(jìn)工作作風(fēng)提出八項要求，包括condense meetings（精簡會議）、reduce traffic control during inspection tours（視察時減少交通管制），以及practice thrift（厲行節(jié)約）等。
全國人大代表徐新榮：少了鮮花、禮儀、橫幅，不封路，政府工作報告壓縮到1.6萬字以內(nèi)——兩會新會風(fēng)是中央轉(zhuǎn)變作風(fēng)“八項規(guī)定”的延伸。
PM 2.5 particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter
PM2.5就是指“可入肺顆粒物”，PM的英文全稱為particulate matter（微粒物、懸浮微粒），PM2.5就是指大氣中直徑小于或等于2.5微米的顆粒物。
政府工作報告中首次提及PM2.5監(jiān)測指標(biāo)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)解決污染問題“用實(shí)際行動讓人民看到希望”，此后修改政府工作報告時又在“實(shí)際行動”之后加上“成效”二字，表明了治污的決心。
兩個“同步”
城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入實(shí)際增長與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長同步，勞動報酬增長和勞動生產(chǎn)率提高同步。
The government will work to ensure that real per capita income for urban and rural residents increases in step with economic growth and labor remuneration grows in step with increase of productivity.
權(quán)力之籠 Power should be restricted by a cage of regulations
習(xí)近平總書記在中紀(jì)委第二次全體會議上講話時指出,要加強(qiáng)對權(quán)力運(yùn)行的制約和監(jiān)督,把權(quán)力關(guān)進(jìn)制度的籠子里,形成不敢腐的懲戒機(jī)制、不能腐的防范機(jī)制、不易腐的保障機(jī)制。
Xi ordered enhanced restraint and supervision on the use of power. He said, "Power should be restricted by a cage of regulations." A disciplinary, prevention and guarantee mechanism should be set up to ensure that people do not dare to, are not able to and can not easily commit corruption, Xi said.
大城市病 metropolitan/urban malaise
我國已進(jìn)入“大城市病”集中爆發(fā)期，治本之策在于城鎮(zhèn)化。城市群的建設(shè)將是新一輪城鎮(zhèn)化的重要走向。通過推進(jìn)城市群建設(shè)，發(fā)展一批布局合理、功能完善的中小城市，改變城市體系“頭重腳輕”態(tài)勢，減緩特大城市人口膨脹壓力。
李克強(qiáng)總理在答中外記者問時說：“要注意防止城市病,不能一邊是高樓林立,一邊是棚戶連片。”
"We need to prevent the urban malaise and avoid the situation in which high-rises co-exist with shantytowns."
安全奶粉 safe infant formula
因香港近日頒布“奶粉限帶令”，兩會上衛(wèi)生部部長、國家工商總局局長遭遇記者“狂轟濫炸”式追問，核心都是食品安全問題。
The government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has cracked down on cross-border parallel trading in infant milk formula to ensure local stores don't run out of stock. The new regulation, starting from March 1, allows a person leaving the city to carry a maximum of two cans, or 1.8 kilograms, of infant formula.
香港特別行政區(qū)政府已經(jīng)開始打擊嬰兒配方奶粉的跨境平行交易，以保證當(dāng)?shù)厣痰甑哪谭酃⿷?yīng)。從3月1日起實(shí)行新規(guī)定，離港人士可攜帶凈重不超過1.8公斤（約兩罐）的嬰兒配方奶粉。
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