語言不僅是人類思想感情表達(dá)與交流的工具，而且是文化的載體，是文化的重要組成部分。語言能真切地反映一個國家、一個民族的生態(tài)地域、物質(zhì)文化、宗教信仰、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等。不同的語言決定了不同民族的不同思維方式、行為方式以及語言表達(dá)方式，因此，語言中不可避免地存在著巨大的文化差異，進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生了一定數(shù)量的文化負(fù)載詞。(Culturally-loaded words refer to those words or phrases which convey a certain kind of cultural connotations or associations which may or may not be found in other languages or cultures.) 文化負(fù)載詞最能體現(xiàn)語言中濃厚的民族色彩和鮮明的文化個性，文化負(fù)載詞的翻譯要求譯者在準(zhǔn)確恰當(dāng)?shù)乩斫馑麌幕械男叛�、�?xí)俗審美價值觀等方面的同時，忠實地傳達(dá)本國文化的精髓與靈魂，才能真正做到不同文化之間的交流。
本學(xué)期我承擔(dān)了《跨文化交際》這門公共選修課，其中文化負(fù)載詞是跨文化交際中一個重要的知識點。課堂上我們提到了兩個與之相關(guān)的有趣案例，在此和大家共同分享下。
Case 1: Is 龍 a dragon?
Huang studies in America. One day she had a chat with her hostess Susan about family relationships and child-raising.
She said, “In china, the parent is more likely to make the decision for the children, and the children are not supposed to make their own decisions when they are young.
Susan said,“Really? But in America, every person is encouraged to act independently and be responsible for his actions, so children are encouraged at an early age to start making decisions. This allows them to learn to express their inpidual desires and make choices.
Guang said,“but whatever the parents do, they do it for the sake of their children since all the parents in China hope their children will be dragons.”
After hearing that, Susan felt very surprised, “Dragons? Why do your Chinese parents hope their children will be Monsters?”
What is the conflict of the case?
Comments : In China, “龍 ” is the symbol of royalty, good fortune, power and even used as the symbol of China, so we often hear the following sayings,“龍鳳呈祥，望子成龍 ”、“中國是一條東方巨龍”。Hence, Chinese are proud of calling themselves the descendents of the dragon.
In English,“dragon” refers to a very fierce, terrible, mythological beast and is seen as the embodiment of a monster in western countries.
Case 2 No, she is from Africa!
Mr. Golles works in an international company in China. Once he commented on his secretary Dobbie with his colleague, Wang Fei.
“I think Dobbie devoted herself to the post. She is a really white person.”
“A white person?”Wang Fei was surprised, “No, she is from Africa.”
Comments: In fact, white in the western culture is usually an esteem color. It is considered pure. The word “white”stands for honest and upright , such as a white soul, a white spirit, and white hand(廉潔）。White also stands for good luck, such as“a white day”(黃道吉日） “white-haired boy”(寵兒）.
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