本學(xué)期由于筆者所代的2012級學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備于2013年12月份參加全國大學(xué)英語四級考試,所以在本學(xué)期的教學(xué)計(jì)劃中四級輔導(dǎo)是其中重要的一部分。作文是試卷中的第一部分,所以作文部分發(fā)揮的正常與否或好與不好將直接影響學(xué)生的心理以及其他部分的作答。在進(jìn)行整套試卷及聽力專項(xiàng)練習(xí)之外,筆者用了四次課對作文部分進(jìn)行分析和講解,請同學(xué)們按照模板隨堂寫出對應(yīng)的作文,并針對學(xué)生作文中出現(xiàn)的問題進(jìn)行講評。同學(xué)們在進(jìn)行練習(xí)之后,紛紛表示原本模糊的概念變得非常清晰,開始知道如何去寫作文。
然而,在進(jìn)行期末考試復(fù)習(xí)時(shí),仍然有同學(xué)對作文部分表現(xiàn)出了不自信。結(jié)合本學(xué)期的作文講評,針對同學(xué)們作文中容易出現(xiàn)的問題,筆者提出了一些小攻略。
首先,切合主題及文章結(jié)構(gòu)方面。近幾年的四級作文類型,主要是提綱式、圖片式及圖表式。如2008年12月份的作文:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1.一次性塑料袋曾廣為使用;
2.由此帶來的問題;
3.限制使用一次性塑料袋的意義。
這是典型的提綱式作文,題目及提綱都已給出,考生只需按照要求進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展和總結(jié)就不會(huì)偏題。這里需提醒的是,作文一般是三段論:引言段,擴(kuò)展段,結(jié)尾段。而且四級作文評分也是總體印象評分法(Global scoring),就段落而言,只寫一段者,0-4分,只寫兩段者,0-9分。
2013年6月份的作文:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
相比較提綱式作文,學(xué)生似乎對圖片式作文有所忌憚,唯恐偏題及結(jié)構(gòu)不合理。其實(shí)通過仔細(xì)閱讀Directions,結(jié)構(gòu)和主題都一目了然。首先是描述圖片,然后表達(dá)觀點(diǎn):做大事之前先做好小事情的重要性;最后一段當(dāng)然就是總結(jié)了。對于題目,最簡單的辦法也是按照Directions: On the Importance of Doing Small Things Before Undertaking Something Big.
圖表式作文與圖片式作文結(jié)構(gòu)相似,不再贅述。
其次,語言及語法方面。1. be 動(dòng)詞亂用:This is help me to save…; It is not only encourage…正確表達(dá)是:This helps me to save…; It not only encourages…2. 單復(fù)數(shù)問題:Student are…; The excessive use of plastic bags lead to…; Limiting the use of plastic bags are…; Disposable plastic bags has attracted…正確表達(dá)是:Students are…; The excessive use of plastic bags leads to…; Limiting the use of plastic bags is…; Disposable plastic bags have attracted…3.謂語動(dòng)詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞混淆:As we all known, …; … to know the importance of protect…; I prefer pay for…正確表達(dá)是:As we all know, …; to know the importance of protecting…; I prefer to pay for… 4.There be句型的使用:There are many parents pay the college…正確表達(dá)是:Many parents pay the college…; There are many parents who pay the college…5.詞性混淆:our healthy; school, government and social; to solution the problem.正確表達(dá)是:our health; school, government and society; to solve the problem. 6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用:must to do…; should to study…正確表達(dá)是:must do…; should do…(以上筆者所用的例子均來源于學(xué)生的作文練習(xí))
對于寫出漂亮的作文而言,同學(xué)們要注意的還有很多,如簡單句與復(fù)合句的交叉使用,同一意思詞匯的交匯使用(important, significant, essential, crucial)…以上兩個(gè)方面的問題是一些同學(xué)普遍存在的,在這里希望起到提示及拋磚引玉的作用。
作文中一般都有表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容,最后筆者提供一些表達(dá)方式供同學(xué)們參考:
1. My own experience tells me that…
2. In my opinion, we should attach more importance to…
3. As for my own idea about…, I believe…
4. As far as I am concerned, I plan to…
5. Personally, I prefer…
6. In my view, both sides are partly right in that…
7. But for me, I would rather…
8. My own point of view is that…
9. In conclusion, I support the statement that…
10.As for me, I tend to chooose…
11.For my part, I…
12.From my perspective, I…
外語系:劉彩莉 |