英語單詞的組成模式千變?nèi)f化,有跡可循的兩種分別為同義詞或近義詞組成的短語,表示強調(diào),如complicated and complex難上加難,和由反義詞組成的短語,如advantages and disadvantages優(yōu)劣。本文將CET-4中?疾⑶胰粘I钪懈哳l出現(xiàn)的由反義詞組成的英語短語總結(jié)如下:
入門級:
1. in and out
In and out是一對非常常見的英語反義詞短語,本意為“進(jìn)進(jìn)出出”,如例句:The sunlight is stitching in and out of clouds.太陽在云中穿梭。在《新視野大學(xué)英語第二版第一冊》第二單元中,就有in and out短語的三個拓展,分別是burst in(to) and out (of),bolt in(to) and out (of)和be in / out of tune,可見其應(yīng)用之廣泛。
2. day and night
Day and night形容夜以繼日的工作或?qū)W習(xí),不曾間斷,不曾休息,如例句:Working all day and night means you are nothing but your job.晝夜不分的工作使得你的生活中除了工作,一無所有。Day and night的生活模式不是我們所提倡的,我們所提倡的應(yīng)該是work and rest (勞逸結(jié)合)。
3. early or late
Early or late遲早,如例句:Those findings indicate that the transformation is going to happen early or late.研究成果表明,變革即將到來。既然變革遲早都會到來,那我們都應(yīng)該爭做時代的弄潮兒early bird,因為early bird gets the worm(早期的鳥兒有蟲吃)。
進(jìn)階級:
4. here and there
Here and there用于形容到處都是,如例句:Many people underestimate the risks of their own cigarette consumption, thinking that a few cigarettes here and there, a few cigarettes every day, are harmless.句中生動描述了一種常見的不良生活習(xí)慣——吸煙。期中here and there更是畫龍點睛的指出有一類人,走到哪里都吸煙,不分時間和場合。
5. young and old
Young and old老老幼幼,指像愚公移山似的“全家/民總動員”。如例句:The aim was to get people, young and old, across the country to act locally in solving environmental problems in their areas.該句號召全體群眾身體力行的保護(hù)環(huán)境,為突出保護(hù)環(huán)境人人有責(zé),特用了young and old這個短語。
6. now and then
Now and then意為“時不時地”,表示某件事發(fā)生在一定時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的頻率。如例句:This section of the road is so narrow that there are bound to be traffic jam now and then.因為道路狹窄,此路段經(jīng)常交通堵塞。本句中的be bound to也是個四級高頻詞組,意思為“注定…”,大家應(yīng)留心積累。
7. back and forth
Back and forth是形容來來回回地踱步,反反復(fù)復(fù)地確認(rèn)等。如例句:The road moves back and forth and around the corner as it snakes off into distance.這句有很強的畫面感,在讀者面前似展開了一幅畫卷,其中的道路迂回曲折,蜿蜒至遠(yuǎn)方。除了back and forth之外,snake off into distance的描述也尤為生動。
專業(yè)級:
8. come and go / comings and goings
Come and go / comings and goings,我們在一開始接觸英語的時候就知道“來是come去是go”,由此拓展出來的短語comings and goings特指“來來往往”,多用以形容熙熙攘攘的人群或者人世無常。在這個例句里面,用的意思為前者:I'd like to show you how if you stand in the square at lunch time, just stand still and watch, the comings and goings of the people are like rain, each of them a tiny drop.廣場上的人又多又匆忙,如雨滴般密集又難尋蹤跡。
9. up and down / ups and downs
Up and down本用以形容電梯般上上下下的感受,后拓展至ups and downs用以形容人生當(dāng)中的“起起伏伏”。如例句:Like many, my daughter has experienced her own ups and downs as she moved into her adult years.雖歷經(jīng)成年時的百般不適應(yīng),但幸而有父母的陪伴。該短語多用于強調(diào)人與人溫暖的陪伴。
10. thick and thin
Thick and thin,厚與薄。幫助記憶,大家可以假想有霧的清晨,隨著太陽的升起,霧氣由濃轉(zhuǎn)淡。在霧氣中唯一不變的就是太陽的存在,所以thick and thin用來形容“有福同享有難同當(dāng)”的患難與共。如例句:Marriage means that you reveal your true self to your partner and support your partner through thick and thin.
這個小結(jié)只是反義單詞所組成英語詞組中的九牛一毛,希望對同學(xué)們的英語學(xué)習(xí),特別是四級備戰(zhàn),起到拋磚引玉的啟發(fā)。“書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟”。外語的學(xué)習(xí)就是一個日積月累的過程,溫故而知新,輔助以發(fā)散性的思維,大家一定能夠?qū)W有所獲!
外語系 劉思齊 |